爱尔兰数据保护委员会因位置数据对谷歌罚款4.03亿欧元
2026年9月21日,爱尔兰数据保护委员会(DPC)对谷歌开出4.03亿欧元罚单,原因是该公司在2018年至2020年间处理用户位置数据的方式不合规。DPC还责令谷歌在六个月内整改相关处理方式。

裁决
据The Record报道,这是DPC首次对谷歌开出罚单。监管机构同时责令谷歌更改裁决所涉及的处理方式。
谷歌的欧洲总部设在都柏林,DPC因此是该公司在欧盟的主要隐私监管机构,其裁决覆盖整个欧盟。调查的时间范围从2018年5月25日《通用数据保护条例》生效起,到2020年2月4日止。
DPC的认定
据BetaNews报道,DPC的三名专员在三个功能中共认定四项违规。“网络与应用活动”和“位置历史记录”两项功能的数据处理未达到合法性与公平性标准。“位置精度”未达到问责标准,因为谷歌无法证明其满足合法性、公平性和透明性要求。三个功能在透明性上均不达标。此外,谷歌对前两项功能所涉数据的保存时间超过了必要期限。
DPC副专员Graham Doyle表示,位置数据“可能揭示个人的大量信息,包括本质上属于私密的信息”。他说,用户可能并不知道自己的位置被用于“例如通过广告影响他们,或推断他们的兴趣”,并可能因此失去对个人数据的控制。他称,超期保存数据“加剧了这种失控”。
三个功能
“网络与应用活动”是一项账户设置,可存储搜索记录、浏览历史和位置数据。“位置历史记录”现以Google Maps Timeline的形式呈现,记录到访地点和出行路线,也包括某人随身携带设备但未使用谷歌服务时的情况。“位置精度”是Android的一项功能,它结合GPS、Wi-Fi、移动基站和传感器,无需谷歌账户即可运行。
DPC称,在BEUC等多个欧洲消费者权益组织投诉后,该机构于2020年2月启动调查。从启动到裁决,过去了六年多。
谷歌的回应
谷歌在一份声明中表示:“本案围绕的是此后已经更新的历史政策。”该公司称,自2019年以来其做法已“大幅演变”,并推出了管理位置数据的工具。
谷歌提到自动删除控件,用户可按三个月、18个月或36个月的滚动周期删除数据。据BleepingComputer报道,Google Maps Timeline数据现在存储在设备上,超过三个月的数据会被自动删除。谷歌还表示,当用户进行搜索时,它存储的是估算的大致区域,而非精确的设备位置。该公司称已增加更简单的广告管理工具,让用户可以完全关闭个性化广告。其文档称Timeline默认关闭,但谷歌提醒,关闭它未必能阻止位置通过其他设置被保存。
规模与后续
4.03亿欧元的罚款是DPC开出的第四大罚单,低于其对Meta的12亿欧元罚款,也低于对TikTok的罚款。自2018年DPC承担GDPR主要监管角色以来,该机构开出的罚款总额已超过40亿欧元。据报道,这笔罚款的美元价值约为4.61亿至4.63亿美元。
DPC表示,另有针对谷歌的三项法定调查仍在进行,且已进入后期阶段。该监管机构承诺公布完整裁决。
资料来源
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