意大利12个月报告653例麻疹,居欧盟/欧洲经济区之首
截至2026年8月31日的12个月内,意大利报告653例麻疹病例,为欧盟/欧洲经济区最多,占总数2335例的28%。该国第二剂疫苗接种率为84.45%,低于世界卫生组织95%的门槛。

ECDC统计
欧洲疾病预防与控制中心统计,截至2026年8月31日的12个月内,30个欧盟/欧洲经济区国家共报告2335例麻疹病例,其中2040例经实验室确诊。意大利653例,发病率为每百万人11.1例,欧洲平均为每百万人5.1例。排在意大利之后的是保加利亚564例、罗马尼亚255例、西班牙230例和法国146例。按人口计算,保加利亚发病率最高,为每百万人87.6例。这段时间里只有五个国家没有报告病例。
第二剂接种率
9月底,意大利卫生部要求各大区加强监测、接种和补种。通知提到,第二剂接种率为84.45%,第一剂为94.77%。第一剂数字略低于世界卫生组织所说的95%,该水平是阻止持续传播所需。各大区第二剂接种率参差不齐:博尔扎诺73.69%,坎帕尼亚71.89%,西西里67.88%。据《24小时太阳报》报道,意大利儿科学会称该国病例数令人担忧。
多数病例未接种
整个欧盟/欧洲经济区有2068例记录了年龄和接种状态。其中1487例(71.9%)未接种,342例(16.5%)接种过一剂,193例(9.3%)接种过两剂或更多,45例(2.2%)剂次不明。2335例有年龄记录的病例中,五岁以下儿童636例(27.2%),15岁及以上1203例(51.5%)。通报率最高的是未满一岁的婴儿,每百万人54.8例;其次是一至四岁儿童,每百万人27.5例。
8月病例
2026年8月,28个国家报告了麻疹数据。十个国家共报告143例,18个国家为零。报告最多的是保加利亚62例、瑞典41例、意大利18例、西班牙9例和德国6例。病例数比上月上升,不过ECDC表示回溯性更新可能改变这一结果。这12个月里,该机构没有收到因麻疹死亡的报告。
监测
2026年10月9日,ECDC的补充监测检查没有发现欧盟/欧洲经济区有新的或持续中的疫情,只有散发病例和聚集性病例。据疫苗联盟Gavi,在世界卫生组织欧洲区域的13个国家,包括法国、德国和意大利,麻疹被视为地方性流行。
全球背景
欧洲第一剂覆盖率平均约94%,第二剂约88%,都低于世界卫生组织的门槛。在低收入和中等收入国家,只有约80%的幼儿接种至少一剂,接种两剂的降到约70%。世界卫生组织估计,2026年全球预计约有1100万例麻疹病例,主要在非洲和亚洲。麻疹是传染性最强的感染之一,一例可传染17人,且没有特效治疗。两剂MMR疫苗可提供约97%的保护,一剂为93%。
资料来源
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