与Georgia Power达成协议后,OpenAI将电网限电承诺推向全国
OpenAI正把Grid Protectors计划推广到全美。该计划允许电力公司在电网承压时削减未来数据中心园区的用电。它建立在与Georgia Power的25年协议之上,该协议可在OpenAI位于Effingham县的规划园区削减最多1000兆瓦,约为其预计3200兆瓦需求的31%。

Grid Protectors计划要求OpenAI与电力公司、监管机构和政策制定者合作,商定园区可以削减多少电力、多快响应以及能维持多久。具体条款因地点而异。模板是与Georgia Power的25年协议,覆盖OpenAI在佐治亚州Effingham县的规划园区。该协议于7月公布,8月通过佐治亚公共服务委员会的监管程序获批,早于周一的全国性宣布。
Georgia Power的一位发言人告诉TechTarget,协议让该公司可以在特定时段减少向OpenAI设施输送的电力,以支撑电网可靠性。这位发言人说,这一需求响应资源还将让公司能够减少新建发电资源,以满足未来的增长需求。
承诺中没有说清的部分
该公司拒绝披露更多合同细节,包括在什么条件下可以调用这一资源,以及1000兆瓦的承诺将如何计量和核验。Dapple创始人兼首席执行官、曾在美国能源部担任白宫学者的Tricia Martinez称这项承诺具有建设性,但表示其价值取决于背后的机制。她说:“社区有权知道谁为基础设施升级买单、电费成本如何分摊、电网承压期间会发生什么,以及这些承诺能否被独立核验。”Martinez还说,开发商常常把社区沟通当成许可流程的一道手续,而不是基础设施规划的一部分。
OpenAI表示,将支付服务其Effingham县项目所需的基础设施和电力服务成本。公司称,未来的安排将包含长期合同和财务担保,以便在项目延期、缩减或取消时保护其他用户。OpenAI引用了Georgia Power的估算,即从2029年起每年为用户节省约9.5亿美元。这一数字反映的是该公司更大范围的大负荷协议组合和预期增长,而不只是OpenAI这一份合同。
承诺背后的电网压力
据国际能源署数据,2025年数据中心约占美国电力需求增量的50%,该机构预计到2030年它们仍将占这一增量的一半左右。Consumer Reports援引Bloom Energy 2026年1月的一份报告称,2025年至2028年间,美国数据中心的合计需求预计将接近翻倍,从80吉瓦增至150吉瓦。这相当于三年内增加一个用电需求与西班牙相当的国家。AI训练中心让数千块芯片在紧密协调的周期中运行,造成电力负荷振荡。美国能源部介绍的一份NASPI技术报告称,其中一些频率可能干扰附近电厂的设备。NASPI的结论是,把相量测量单元与波点测量结合起来的混合监测,是评估这些振荡最可靠的方法。报告发现,仅靠相量测量单元会漏掉或错误呈现AI负载产生的高频振荡。
承诺背后的反弹
据Fortune报道,去年美国有至少16个数据中心因当地反对而被阻止或延期,总价值640亿美元。电费上涨是选民生活成本担忧的核心。据Fortune援引PowerLines今年1月的一项分析,电力和燃气公司去年申请了超过300亿美元的费率上调,影响8100万美国人。
接下来会发生什么
OpenAI表示,随着协议最终敲定,将公布更多承诺。Effingham园区仍在建设中,预计电力将在2028年至2032年间分阶段接入。
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