Pacific Fusion在阿尔伯克基破土动工,建设10亿美元聚变园区
2026年8月25日,Pacific Fusion在新墨西哥州阿尔伯克基举行仪式,为一座造价10亿美元的研究与制造园区破土动工。公司计划到2030年在该园区实现设施净增益。

园区位于Mesa del Sol,将容纳Pacific Fusion的演示系统。设施净增益指设施发出的能量多于它消耗的能量。科学能量收支平衡只比较聚变输出与送入燃料的能量,设施净增益的检验范围比它更宽。据TechCrunch报道,目前还没有装置通过这一检验。
Pacific Fusion采用脉冲功率技术,也称Z箍缩聚变。据Heatmap报道,系统把快速电流脉冲送过一块铅笔橡皮大小的燃料靶,产生的磁场挤压并压缩燃料,直到原子发生聚变。这套演示系统按每天发射数次设计。联合创始人兼首席技术官Keith LeChien告诉TechCrunch,一座全尺寸电站需要每秒发射一次。
LeChien说,每次脉冲的目标产出约为100兆焦耳,而NIF的纪录是8.6兆焦耳。EnergyTech换算后认为,这接近每次脉冲28千瓦时。据TechCrunch报道,这台机器将使用156个脉冲模块,每个模块有32级环形结构、每级10个砖块,每个砖块装有两个电容器和一个开关。
据TechCrunch报道,今年早些时候Pacific Fusion测试了一个三分之一比例的模块,它在80纳秒内释放出440吉瓦的峰值功率。结果足以让阿尔伯克基园区获得批准。其底层架构是阻抗匹配的马克思发生器,由LeChien与LLNL研究员Bill Stygar共同发明,它叠加的是波而不是电压。公司称,利弗莫尔的四级原型机Sirius由LLNL在與Pacific Fusion的合作研发协议下设计并建造,已超过3000次发射,每次在100纳秒脉冲内向电阻负载输送60吉瓦,能量效率为95%。
NIF的靶增益与设施净增益
据LLNL称,劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室的国家点火装置在2025年4月7日向燃料胶囊输入2.08兆焦耳,得到8.6兆焦耳回报,靶增益超过四倍。这是该实验室第八次实现点火。NIF的核算止于靶点。据Heatmap报道,其激光系统效率约为1%,因此设施从电网取用的能量远多于反应释放的能量。LLNL在2022年首次实现科学能量收支平衡,此后多次重复;没有其他反应堆重现过这一结果。
据Heatmap报道,Pacific Fusion的目标是输送约两到三倍于桑迪亚国家实验室Z机器的电流,Z机器正是其设计的灵感来源。桑迪亚的机器是一台单独定制的科研工具。Pacific Fusion打算用156个相同、可批量制造的模块来降低成本,这些模块可以运输、组装,也能替换维修。
融资与国家安全工作
Pacific Fusion成立于2023年。Heatmap称其2024年A轮融资为10亿美元,由General Catalyst领投,并报道联合创始人兼首席运营官Carrie von Muench表示,这笔钱应能覆盖演示设施的全部成本。TechCrunch称这轮按里程碑拨付的融资超过10亿美元,并报道von Muench说,这种结构让公司不必每隔几年就再次融资。
Von Muench还告诉TechCrunch,据公司所知,美国国内没有在建的同类设施。园区除电力演示外,还将承接国家安全方面的高产额聚变实验。LeChien说中国也在建设类似设施,Pacific Fusion打算抢先交付。
接下来会发生什么
据TechCrunch报道,Pacific Fusion的目标是在2030年实现设施净增益,并在2030年代中期建成商业电站。其商业反应堆需要发出的能量约为演示系统的五倍,部分原因是电站的额外设备也要耗电。
资料来源
33- 01Target Breakthrough Enabled Fusion Record at NIF - Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoryEN
- 02The Promise of Mesa del Sol: Nuclear Fusion Startup Plans New Mexico Demonstration Site by 2030 - EnergyTechEN
- 03Pacific Fusion Just Broke Ground on a $1 Billion Test Reactor - Heatmap NewsEN
- 04Lawrence Livermore-Pacific Fusion Collaboration Breaks New Record to Advance America's High-Gain Fusion CapabilityEN
- 05Pacific Fusion's next fusion machine could clear a key hurdle to commercial power - TechCrunchEN
- 06Race for the stars: will China be first to deliver fusion energy by 2035? - South China Morning PostEN
- 07General Fusion reaches technical magnetised heating milestone, verified by UKAEA - New Civil EngineerEN
- 08A German startup raised $240 million to commercialise the only fusion experiment that has ever produced net energyEN
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