分析估算:镰状细胞病基因疗法风险池每人每月11美分
10月28日,美国管理式医疗药学学会Nexus 2026大会上公布的一项分析估算,若建立覆盖全体支付方的镰状细胞病基因疗法资金池,保险公司需为每位参保人每月支付11美分,区间为2至22美分。

11美分的假设前提
Trinity Life Sciences副总监Sujith Ramachandran博士说,这项AMCP分析以9万名美国镰状细胞病患者为模型,假设其中5%符合条件、5%实际接受治疗,Casgevy定价220万美元与Lyfgenia定价310万美元平分市场份额,返利为25%。他说,为全体参保人出资建立该资金池,每人每月需11美分。在不同返利和接受治疗比例的假设下,敏感性分析结果从2美分到22美分不等。
Ramachandran说,这属于早期建模,区间表明全国性风险池在财务上或许可行,尽管模型只涵盖一种疾病和两种产品。会议还列出若干尚待确定的设计问题:哪些疗法符合条件、资格与出资如何设定、治疗中心如何获得报销。
研发管线带来的压力
社区健康计划联盟药学政策高级经理Carmen G. Witsken说,多数基因疗法集中在肿瘤或罕见病领域,而免疫、神经、感觉和心血管适应症正在扩大。她统计全球在研的细胞、基因和RNA疗法共4487项,其中基因疗法(含修饰细胞)占49%,非基因修饰疗法占21%,RNA疗法占30%。她说,FDA已批准54项细胞和基因疗法,截至今年1月美国管线中有438项基因疗法。
Witsken说,挂牌价格从200万美元到400万美元以上,以单笔理赔方式支付。她说,这可能威胁健康计划的存续,小型非营利计划尤其如此。她提出的方案包含四部分:全体支付方参与;按参保人每月收费,并与厂商签订基于疗效的合同;由独立指定机构进行联邦层面管理;资格仅限最罕见或成本最高的疗法。
Ramachandran引用Mercer的一项调查说,57%的雇主将基因疗法成本列为最关注的问题。Witsken还引用InspiroGene的2026年调查,其中76%的受访支付方预计未来两到三年可负担性将是中度或重大挑战。
价格之外的障碍
Ramachandran将可及性障碍归为三类:前期财务负担、风险可携带性和管理。他说,成本在当下发生,节省却要多年后才显现,而每年有五分之一的美国人退出其健康计划。他说,止损保险不追踪疗效,可能排除已知患者,无法解决可携带性问题,还会引发逆向选择。他说:“我们需要更具创新性的政策方案。”
生产是另一个瓶颈。Ramachandran估计产能低至每年1到2名患者,并说超过一半的镰状细胞病患者居住地不在授权治疗中心所在的都市区。
成本背景
6月发表在《Blood》上的另一项研究发现,与基因疗法和标准治疗相比,干细胞移植是成人镰状细胞病长期照护中最具成本效益的选择。该研究发现,基因疗法的成本需要比此前确定的水平低66%至71%,才具备有竞争力的价格价值。
这项《Blood》研究援引的数据是全球约有800万镰状细胞病患者,美国约有10万,而AMCP模型使用的是9万名患者。
资料来源
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