FDA批准Casgevy用于2岁及以上镰状细胞病和β地中海贫血患儿
2026年7月1日,FDA把Casgevy的适用年龄下限从12岁下调到2岁,镰状细胞病或输血依赖型β地中海贫血患儿均可使用。Vertex估计,美国将有约5500名儿童因此符合条件。

Casgevy是首个获批用于这么小的上述两种疾病患者的CRISPR基因编辑疗法。据HCPLive报道,FDA在提交申请53天后依据“专员国家优先券”试点批准了这项补充申请,这也是该项目选中的第八款疗法。
Casgevy为一次性静脉输注。医生先采集患者自身的血液干细胞,在体外编辑以重新激活胎儿血红蛋白,患者接受白消安清髓预处理后再回输。该疗法由Vertex Pharmaceuticals与CRISPR Therapeutics联合开发。
为什么2岁就开始治疗很重要
镰状细胞病从幼年起就会损害器官。镰状细胞堵塞小血管,引发血管闭塞危象。据BioPharm International报道,累积损伤包括卒中、急性胸部综合征、肾衰竭和心肺并发症。卒中风险最早可在两岁出现,并在青春期前后明显上升。
Sarah Cannon研究所及TriStar Centennial儿童医院儿童干细胞移植项目主任Haydar Frangoul医生对HCPLive表示,更早获得治疗,临床医生就有可能在不可逆的器官损伤出现之前介入。“令人瞩目的是孩子们表现非常好,这在预料之中,因为他们还没有终末器官损伤,”他说。
FDA生物制品评价与研究中心治疗产品办公室代理副主任Megha Kaushal医生在FDA的公告中表示,这两种疾病影响生长、发育和长期健康。她说,让更年幼的患者用上该疗法“打开了一个关键的干预窗口”。
儿科证据规模很小
儿科数据来自小型试验。镰状细胞病试验入组11名5岁至12岁以下儿童,8名可评估疗效的患者全部达到主要终点。该终点为输注后前24个月内至少连续12个月未出现方案定义的严重血管闭塞危象。
同年龄段的输血依赖型β地中海贫血试验入组15名儿童,其中9名可评估疗效。9人中有8人实现至少连续12个月的输血独立,中位持续时间为20.1个月。
FDA把适应症扩展到2岁至5岁以下儿童,依据是从5岁至12岁以下数据外推,而不是这一更年幼群体的直接证据。儿科结果建立在针对12至35岁患者的CLIMB SCD-121试验之上。该研究中,30名可评估疗效的参与者有29人(97%)至少连续12个月未出现血管闭塞危象。
两种适应症中最常见的不良事件为黏膜炎和发热性中性粒细胞减少,镰状细胞病患者中还报告了食欲下降。
可及性与治疗流程
Vertex估计,现在又有约5500名美国儿童符合条件。镰状细胞病影响约10万美国人。据美国疾病控制与预防中心的数据,大约每365名黑人活产婴儿中就有1例。
Casgevy的流程是:采集患者自身的血液干细胞,在实验室中编辑,用化疗清除骨髓,再回输编辑后的细胞。相比骨髓移植,它的优势在于不需要供者。Frangoul对WKRN表示,约80%的患者没有配型相符的家庭成员。
纳什维尔的TriStar Centennial儿童医院现已提供该治疗,Frangoul称这是一个巨大的医学里程碑。据MedicalDaily报道,Casgevy的标价约为每位患者220万美元。
仍不确定的部分
儿科队列规模很小。扩展到2岁至5岁以下儿童依据的是外推,而非该年龄组的直接试验证据。标签涵盖的是伴有反复血管闭塞危象的镰状细胞病和输血依赖型β地中海贫血,并非所有被诊断为这两种疾病的患者。
据HCPLive引用的处方信息,患者计划在输注后接受最长15年的随访。Frangoul对HCPLive表示,他希望儿科获批“不会是这一领域的最后一个里程碑”。
资料来源
34- 01FDA Expands Casgevy Label to Children as Young as 2, Broadening Access to First CRISPR Gene Therapy for Sickle Cell Disease - BioPharm InternationalEN
- 02FDA Expands Exa-Cel (Casgevy) Approval, Bringing Gene Therapy to Younger Children - HCPLiveEN
- 03FDA Expands Exa-Cel Gene Therapy Approval to Children 2 Years and Up With SCD or β-Thalassemia - HCPLiveEN
- 04The World's First CRISPR Gene Therapy Just Got Approved for Children as Young as 2 with Sickle Cell Disease - Medical DailyEN
- 05CRISPR Sickle Cell Therapy Now Cleared for Children Starting at Age Two - Tech TimesEN
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